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While conflict-related fatalities have declined in recent years, other negative impacts of armed conflict (sometimes in combination with other factors) appear to have increased in severity, including population displacement, food insecurity, humanitarian needs, and violations of international humani­tarian law. Two regions bucked this trend: Europe, because of the armed conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan and sub-Saharan Africa (see Conflict-related Fatality Estimates in sub-Saharan Africa). The decrease in 2020 was largely driven by reductions in conflict-related fatalities in Asia and Oceania, and MENA. The total in 2020 was approximately 120 000-a 30 per cent reduction since 2018.

Note: The boundaries used in this map do not imply any endorsement or acceptance by SIPRI.įor at least the second consecutive year the total estimated number of conflict-related fatalities decreased. Two other armed conflicts were fought between state forces and armed groups that aspired to statehood (between Israel and the Palestinians and between Turkey and the Kurds). Only two armed conflicts were fought between states: the ongoing border clashes between India and Pakistan, and the border conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan for control of Nagorno-Karabakh, which escalated into a high-intensity conflict. Two intrastate conflicts were major armed conflicts (with more than 10 000 conflict-related deaths in the year)-Afghanistan and Yemen-and 16 were high-intensity armed conflicts (with 1000–9999 conflict-related deaths)-Mexico, Syria, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mali, Iraq, South Sudan, Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Cameroon, Libya, the Philippines, India and Niger. As in preceding years, most took place within a single country (intrastate), between government forces and one or more armed non-state group(s). Active armed conflicts occurred in at least 39 states in 2020 (5 more than in 2019): 2 in the Americas, 7 in Asia and Oceania, 3 in Europe, 7 in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and 20 in sub-Saharan Africa.